Rare set of six commemorative medals dating back to the first half of the 19th century, cast in volcanic paste or similar composite (non-metallic) material, probably hot-stamped. The medals celebrate historical events, scientific congresses, illustrious figures, and patriotic ideals. Noteworthy is the very high quality of the modeling, particularly in the details engraved on a small scale. Diameters vary from 4.5 to 7.5 cm. Weight of the largest example: 39 g. Medals included: 1. Minerva Fautrice – Congress of Italian Scientists, Turin 1840Text: MINERVA FAUTRICE / AVSPICE IL RE CARLO ALBERTO CONGRESSO DEGLI SCIENZIATI ITALIANI IN TORINO NEL SETTEMBRE MDCCCXL 2. Meeting of the French at Notre-Dame – July 27-28-29, 1830Text: À LA RÉUNION DES FRANÇAIS À NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS / FRANCE DIS MOI LEURS NOMS... ILS ONT VAINCU SI PROUDEMMENT... J'ÉTAIS LIBRE AVANT DE LES CONNAÎTRE! 3. Fourth meeting of Italian scientists – Padua 1842Text: QUARTA RIUNIONE DEGLI SCIENZIATI ITALIANI PADOVA MDCCCXLII 4. Johann Joseph Gall – Celebration of a scholar of physiognomyText: FR. J. GALL 5. Dante Alighieri – Portrait of the poet with epigraphText: DANTES ALIGHERIUS 6. Allegorical medal with caduceus – Gratitude to foreign doctorsText: HYGIÈNE ET LA RECONNAISSANCE L’ONT DÉCRIMÉE / OFFERTE PAR LES ÉTRANGERS 7e MDCCCXXXVI The back of some medals is smooth or incomplete, in one case it has the typical porosity of the composite material. Excellent general condition, with small marginal breaks compatible with the material and the era. Cultural provenance: Franco-Italian area. Dating: circa 1830–1845. Ideal for collectors of historical memories, scholars of 19th-century science and culture, or for thematic exhibitions.